Chem Class - May 27, 2010

Esterfication Lab

-Today, we had the chance to synthesize an Ester from a carboxylic acid and an alcohol.

- We needed the following materials: isopropyl alcohol, methanol, salicylic acid, acetic acid, concentrated sulphuric acid, 2 x 200 mL beakers, ice water, eye droppers, and test tubes

- Remember that esterfication is the formation of an Ester from a carboxylic acid and an alcohol

- Esters are responsible for many common smells:
isoamyl acetate-----> banana
isobutyl salicylate-----> raspberry
methyl salicylate----->wintergreen
ethyl butyrate-----> pineapple
benzyl butyrate-----> cherry
ethyl propionate-----> rum
isopropyl acetate-----> perfume
benzyl acetate-----> peach
methyl butyrate----->apple
octyl acetate----->orange
propyl acetate-----> pear
ethyl phenylacetate-----> honey


- We decided to create a wintergreen smell (Alcohol = Methyl alcohol and acid = Salicylic Acid):
1) We used a hot plate to heat up about 150 mL of water in a beaker
2) We added one scoop of salicylic acid to a test tube
3) We added 15 drops of methanol to the same test tube
4) We added 2-4 drops of Sulphuric acid (Had to be careful however as sulphuric acid is very corrosive)
5) We placed the test tube in the hot water bath for 15 minutes and placed a 10 ml beaker over the test tube
6) We colled the test tube in the ice water bath for 2 minutes

7) We wafted the fumes toward our noses to carefully smell the test tube. Success! Wintergreen!

Chem Class - May 25, 2010

Today, we got into groups of 2 or 3 to build as many of the given molecules as we could in a given amount of time. After completing each model, we had to show it to Mr.Doktor. The first group to form them all got starbursts!

Here are the molecules we had to form:
1) Methyl butanoate
2) dichloroethane
3) 3 enthyl 2 pentanone
4) Acetic acid
5) dimethyl ether
6) ethyl propyl ether
7) 2 bromo 4,4 dimethyl pentanal
8) 2,3 pentadiol
9) ethylamide
11) 2, 2 dimethyl butylamide
12) propyl butanoate
13) Formaldehyde
14) Phenol
15) 3 choloro 3 methyl 2 butanone

Chem Class - May 20, 2010

- Went over our homework
- Finished off functional groups today

Amides
 - General group:  Double-bonded oxygen to carbon and NH2
- Naming: Use carbon prefix and -amide suffix
- Building block of proteins
-Nylon/Kevlar/Penicillin/LSD

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Amines
- Contains nitrogen with carbon chains (primary, secondar and tertiary/ remember that nitrogen can have up to three bonds)
- Make up amino acids (amine and carboxyclic acid)
- Naming: Alkyl prefix with -amine ending
- Two ways of naming: Example- Another way of saying methylamine is aminomethane

Now that we've finished learning about each of the functional groups, here's a video on them:

Chem Class - May 18, 2010

Today, we went over what we learned last class and went over our homework. After that, we continued with our notes on Functional Groups:

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Aldehydes
- Double bonded O, single bonded H at the end of a chain
Naming: change the -e ending to -al

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Carboxylic Acids
- Found in insect bites
- Building blocks of fats/seroids

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Ester
- found in flavoring, perfumes, cospectics, fruits, vegetables oil
- They are formed by esterfication of carboxylic acids
- Name the primary chain with -yl ending
- Secondary chain ends in -oate

The following is what an esterfication reaction looks like:

Chem Class - May 14, 2010

- Today, we were put into groups of four. Each team was assigned a specific type of organic chemistry group with examples. We were to come up with rules for naming them. Afterwards, we all came together and shared what we learned, taking down the following notes:

Functional Groups

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Halides

- Halogen atoms replace a hydrogen

- Bromo, Chloro, Floro

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Alcohols

- OH or hydroxyl group
- Change the ending to -ol

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Ketones
- Oxygen atom double bonded to carbon
- Change the ending to -one

Propanone (Acetone)

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Ethers
- Have an O joining two carbon chains together
- Name each carbon chain with -yl ending and add 'ether'

The following is the first part of a series of videos made by a student on the functional groups in organic chemistry:

Chem Class - May 10, 2010

Today, we went over homework and continued with our notes for the Unit:

Cyclo Alkanes
- Carbon compounds can form rings
- Follow the same naming rules and add cyclo- in front of the parent chain
- When numbering, you can count clockwise or counterclockwise, but where you start (#1) should be on one of the side chains because you are usi ng the lowest numbering system

Examples of Cyclo Alkanes:

Aromatics
- When a cyclic 6 carbon chain forms, it can create a resonance structure called Benzene

<---Benzene

Chem Class - May 4, 2010

- Today we went over our homeowrk and took the following notes:

Alkenes
- Compounds with double bonds end in -ene

- Put a # in front of the parent chain that indicates where the double bond is

- More thn one double bond changes the parent chain slightly

- Double bond always has priority (when choosing the direction of numbering)

- Any rime more than one double bond occurs, you add adi, atri, atetra...

- The longest chain has to include the double bond

Alkynes
- For compounds with triple bonds use -yne ending

- Follow all the same alkene rules

- The longest chain has to include the triple bond

Here's a video on naming and drawing three Aliphatics that we learned so far (ALkanes,Alkenes,Alkynes):